An Interview Formulated From Kleinmans Explanatory Model Essay

An Interview Formulated From Kleinmans Explanatory Model - Essay Example As we began the interview, he proved to be quite knowledgeable on the disease. On the cause of type 1 diabetes, he said it was due to low blood sugar in the body. He believes it started when his pancreas was unable to produce enough insulin needed in the body. This was due to a reckless lifestyle of drug abuse and too much junk food. He further stated that the illness makes him thirsty, fatigued, increases his hunger, frequent urination and has regular blurred vision. He knows the disease is severe and asserts that the disease is among the top five killer diseases in the world. He does not believe it will end soon; however he is optimistic that under proper medical care, the disease can be contained for a long time. The ailment has caused major problems for him. He was forced to give up on sports as his body was not strong enough. He was also forced to forego his love for junk foods in favor of foods with no salt and sugar, which he considers tasteless. His major fear is that his life early may be cut short if the disease becomes unmanageable and that he would never see his family again. On the medication, he prefers fast acting insulin lipro to standard soluble insulin. He is also not a big fan of NPH insulin. He would rather have long acting insulin glargine as it is more effective to him. He hopes that he will live longer to see his children married and to also see and hold his grandchildren. His last remark was that his family was grappling financially to ensure that he received proper medical care.

Narratives and Memory Work by Nick Rowe | Analysis

Narratives and Memory Work by Nick Rowe | Analysis Aengus Donald A 1000 word review of one of the recommended chapters or articles. Students will choose a chapter or article from one of the prescribed texts, and write a review of the content, as understood by the student in terms of: the writer’s intent, the psychodramatic theory, and its application to practise. Response: Review of Chapter 4: Narratives and Memory Work, by Nick Rowe (2007). Playing the Other: Dramatizing Personal Narratives in Playback Theatre Rowe explores the relationship between memory, narrative and the self and reminds the reader that the audience’s stories are what make up the curiosities that are enacted out in front of them. Rowe personally opens up by sharing a story about his father’s death. This vulnerable space that Rowe sits in allows for resonance and connection with the reader, whilst informing them that that the story is the basis of discussion in this chapter. His actual experience of physically writing the story down years after his father’s death is shared with the reader as a very balanced moment in his life. Drawing on research in the fields of psychology, philosophy and psychotherapy, Rowe intends to compare and contrast different aspects of memory, narrative and the self to show the breadth, depth and scope of the subjects. Rowe proposes that it is misleading to conceptualize playback theatre as a mirror of the essence of a protagonist’s subjective narrative. This is because it denies ‘the relational, negotiated and context-rich’ (Rowe) aspects of Playback theatre as well as negating the humanness of the performers, protagonist, and conductors. Actors may have different responses to the narrative than the protagonist. Actors may have incongruent obstacles of their own. Being present to the essence of the storyline and then responding on the stage set by the director, protagonist and audience members can occur on any range or scale of response. Rowe proposes to utilize a model of a ‘cumulative process of mediation’ in which each time a narrative is retold, the protagonist or client creates and refines the expression of the phenomenological and subjective content of the narrative. MacIntyre proposes that the most efficacious source of â€Å"intelligibility† for human beings is received through narrative, which he believes is the human identity’s organizing principle. If this were the case according to Rowe, every known thing would be spoken into existence, which I relate to the opening creation passage of the bible. I feel that if this was the case, we would be our own gods and all words would be the words of gods. Rowe would sooner agree not with MacIntyre’s notion, but with Griemas’ idea that â€Å"Narrative structures do not exist per se, but are a mere moment in the generation of signification†. Griemas’ school of thought leans more toward meaning making, than MacIntyre’s idea of instantaneously announcing manifestations of life experience. Barclay presents the idea that ‘autobiographical remembering is largely an improvisational act’, played out by ‘protoselves’. This makes me feel that there is simultaneously room for both meaning making and calling experience into existence, and perhaps one can’t exist without the other. Barclay’s work also makes me wonder if we completely embody these ‘protoselves’ when we are being truly spontaneous. Lyotard presents that the idea of self is not one of individual singularity in a world of increasing billions of other individuals, but more so of each human as a nodal point in an growing pool of specific communication circuits. Lyotard sees the self as ‘first and foremost, a practical project of everyday life’ (Holstein and Gubrium, 1995) and it is never a completed object. In Playback theatre people are invited to perform their stories and witness the enactment. This halters the teller’s self-creation process when the control of the protagonist’s enactment has been handed over to the actors. The conductors questioning in Playback allows the events to emerge. Rowe does not believe that this is â€Å"rewriting the self† (Freeman 1993). Vocal language is a primary technique of narrative in playback. Utilizing and encouraging other expressive methods such as â€Å"acoustic, visual, spatial and theatrical images can significantly extend the teller’s memory work† (Rowe). In the section â€Å"Poetry drugs the dragon of disbelief†, Rowe writes that subsequent re-telling of a narrative emphasises an aspect of the story that leads to the question: â€Å"Can we ever trust memory?† (Rowe). Re-enactments through Playback theatre may contribute to the fictionalization of actually false aspects of the memory; in Rowe’s case this is the Red Dress, which turned out to be pink. â€Å"On the borderline of life and death, the colour must be red – pink will just not do† (Rowe). Donald Spence writes of the therapist being engaged as rather â€Å"a pattern maker than a pattern finder in an artistic struggle† (Spence 1982). Enabling people to sit in acceptance of their narrative and themes explored through language and movement is the task of the therapist. I personally resonate a lot with Spence’s notion of making patterns as opposed to finding them. It is much more creative than reductionist in it’s approach. Vocal language has its limitations. As people’s traumas can lie buried within tissues and sinew (Rowe), they may need to be expressed through movement and dance. This may assist to bring traumas to vocalisation, or can be experienced or witnessed as pre-verbal expression. Rowe warns therapists to be as aware as possible of potential body, personal and cultural memories that may arise in sensitive group work. Rowe agrees with Kristeva in that a text can’t possibly be ‘a hermitically sealed unit existing independently on other texts’. This ‘intertextuality’ emphasises the significance of relationships between all aspects of inter-personal and intra-personal narrative. A field of open possibility allows for relationships between different texts and aspects of self to be connected through a paradox of self-definition on the one hand and re-negotiating relationships with both the audience and conductor on the other hand. This point of vulnerability allows the teller to be moulded and evaluated by the group or society at large. The stories that are enacted can have a transformative effect on the audience as well as the teller, creating a group felt shift. Annette Kuhn suggests that public and private memory show to be less separable than has been commonly believed. In this idea, what affects the protagonist is more than likely to affect the audience. Phillips presents the idea that ‘the only good translation is the one that invites retranslation; the one that doesn’t want to be verified so much as altered (Philips 2002).’ This philosophy reminds me of Nietzsche’s attempts at self criticisms. If a translation is hailed as the One True translation, narratives will never be able to be dynamic or interact without eventually going stagnant, but will exist as, as Rowe puts it, ‘a new, but never final, version’. ‘Perhaps call it play-forward theatre?’ asks Rowe, expanding on his theme of an ever-evolving reality of expressive experience.

Pakistan Essay -- essays research papers

Pakistan: Foreign Policy Pakistan, a land of many splendors and opportunities, a repository of a unique blend of history and culture for both the East and West has been the cradle of one of the oldest civilizations. The Indus valley, is the ninth most populous Area in the world, with 134 million tough, conscientious, hard working people wishing and striving hard to enter into the 21st century as equal partners in the community of the different developed nations. During the last 20 years Pakistan's economy has been one of the fastest growing in the world-the seventh fastest in Asia (www.forisb.org/fpolicy). Pakistan's economy has been becoming large on a worldwide scale, with the annual gross domestic product growing at more than six percent a year. It is now a member of the Economic Cooperation Organization, and the South Asian Association of Regional Cooperation (www.forisb.org/fpolicy). Pakistan is strategically located in close proximity to the affluent Middle East. It is in position geographically to be a gateway of trade for many land-locked countries, such as Afghanistan and those of central Asia. It is also in proximity to the enormous East Asian Markets. The trade relations of Pakistan have been very diverse, for trade has been opened between them and countries in the Middle East as well as the Far East. The trade policy in Pakistan has been dramatically changed over the last few years. One of the main policies for trade through Pakistan is†¦ in order to decrease man...

Cumberland Metal Industries Essay

In its initial evaluation, the company believes that the new product, curled metal cushion pads, has a potential for increasing the company’s sales and profit and for diversifying the products it offers. Early demands for the product appear to be good, however an in-depth analysis of the marketing aspect is necessary before the company can introduce the product to the market. Situational Analysis Based on the two trials made, it is clear that the company is in possession of a product that is better than any of those currently available in the market. The question only is how much better this product is than the others already available. Based on the first trial performed, the product is 25% more efficient than its closest competitor in terms of feet of piles driven per hour. It also increases the efficiency of the operations by requiring less time for set changes of about 80%. Each set of the product also performs nineteen times better than said competitor. In the second trial, the product maintained its previous performance as far as feet driven per hour time for set changes is concerned. It surpassed its previous performance by performing forty-nine times better than its competitor. The efficiency and effectivity of the product translates to other forms of savings on the part of the user. First, the contractor or builder will decrease the cost of rental of the equipment used in the construction by at least 25%. If the workers’ compensation is computed based on the number of hours worked, the contractor or builder will incur savings amounting to 25% of the cost of labor. Aside from its efficiency the product can also decrease, on the part of the workers, the health risk usually associated with the use of asbestos and decrease employers’ expenses relating to workers’ health insurance in the long run. Actual figures of demand for the product are hard to calculate. Based on the assumptions made by Mr. Simpson that the construction industry will need to drive 290 million to 390 million feet of piles annually, the total demand for the product annually is around 174,000 (290,000,000/10,000 x 6) to 324,000 (390,000,000/10,000 x 6) pads annually. To penetrate the market, the company will need to convince the key players of the construction industry that it should use the product. The approval of the architecture/ consulting firms, engineering/construction contractors and independent contractors are a must since they are the ones that will actually use the products. Independent contractors could be targeted since they are more willing to try new products that can increase their profits. A positive review from this group can convince bigger firms to use the product. The approval of pile hammer manufacturers and pile hammer distributing/ renting companies will be good but not necessary. These two groups know that the use of the product will decrease their profits so they have motivation to not recommend the products to their customers. Pile hammer distributing/ renting companies can provide an efficient distribution channel and reduce the company’s distribution cost since the mechanism is already in place, but not having the approval of this group is not essential since other methods of distribution are available to the company. Once amount of demand for the product is large enough this group can later decide to offer the product to their customers. Recommendations Initially, the pricing used by the company should be based on the data provided by the first test since it is more conservative. It can gradually increase its prices if the performance of the second trial is confirmed by actual practice. Based on the first trial, the company should charge $167 per pad. This price is computed by multiplying the cost of each set with the number of sets required ($50 x 20 pads) and dividing the result with the no. f pads of curled metal cushion required (1000/6). By using this price, the consumer will incur the same amount of cost for cushion pads in a project whether it uses asbestos or the curled metal cushions; it is only the amount of cushion pads used that will vary. However, this price does not charge consumer for the additional benefits provided by the product, such as 25% decrease in the cost of renting equipment and wages of laborers. This will be the selling point of the product upon its introduction. It will be important for the company to concentrate on building the confidence of the key players of the industry, instead of maximizing the profits in the first few years of introducing the product. Marketing campaigns should be focused towards convincing the architecture/ consulting firms, engineering/construction contractors and independent contractors to use the products. It could try to market the products directly to these groups since renting companies may be hesitant to distribute products that will decrease the profits generated by the services they offered. Moreover, most contractors used their own pile hammers instead of renting, so distribution through these renting companies has limited reach. Independent contractors should be given particular attention, as far as efforts at direct selling is concerned, since these groups are more likely to try new methods that decreases their cost and increases their bottom line than the more established firms. When the reputation of the product is established, it can decide whether it will continue its direct approach or use the services of pile hammer distributing/ renting companies. For the reasons stated above, the demands of the Colerick Foundation Company should be accepted by the company since this would be the first of the company’s direct sales. In summary, I would like to recommend that the company sell its curled metal cushion pads for $167 each. The company should first focus in building the reputation of its product because of its innovative quality. One way of doing so is convincing the experts that it is better than anything else present in the market.

Description of Proposed Network Essay

Our proposal includes the development of a LAN able to meet the requirements of your company’s software. The computer network components include the use of a server, a switch, patch panel, and a router for the office. The selected NOS (Network Operating System) is Windows 2000 Server. This operating system provides great conveniences to the installation, configuration, and maintenance of the network. Windows 2000 Server provides the enhanced DHCP, DNS and WINS features allow a network administrator to expediently manage all clients on the network. The data communication media for the networks is UTP CAT5. This cabling follows the Ethernet standards for TCP/IP and ensures decreased propagation and noise. I understand the motivations for creating a network and can apply these technologies to improve communications and access to information, as well as support and maintain the infrastructure. Goals and Products: The following list is networking hardware that can be implemented: *Nortel Networks Passport 2430 Enterprise Router: Offers the features and performance of more expensive routers, but at a much lower price. Also, this unit is known for its quiet operation, and sleek enclosure. *Nortel Networks BayStack 350 Series Switch: supports high-utilization workgroups for high-bandwidth uplinks to servers. *Dell PowerEdge 650 Server: Cost-effective rack server performance, manageability, and serviceability. Easy to mange. Also with tape drive backup support. *Nortel Networks OPTera Metro Cabinet 5200: Free-standing structure which will hold router, switch, server, and patch panel. *16-port Patch Panel Each employee workstation is to be custom ordered from Dell. Each employee will house a Dell computer with the following options: *2 GHz Pentium 4 Processor *256MB RAM *13GB Hard Drive *Netgear FA311 10/100 Network adapters *52X CD-Rom *8 MB Video Card *17†³ Monitor (Can use current monitors if budget is exceeded) *Internal Zip Drive Fast Ethernet is the protocol of choice. The wiring is a higher quality than the Category 3 normally used by Ethernet, therefore is a bit more expensive, but a worthy advantage. Fast Ethernet defines a star topology. There are many advantages in designing a LAN based on a star topology. It allows expansion to the existing LAN without effort or disruption. Troubleshooting, repair, and maintenance can be accomplished to a failed node without holding up or disrupting work on other nodes. The first step of implementing the network involves running drops in two corners of the office. The switch, router, patch panel, and server will be located in a rack closet dedicated to LAN equipment. This rack will be placed in a location for centrality. The entire office will be cabled with category 5 unshielded-twisted pair cable. Wall faceplates to include both drops and a phone jack will be installed. Panels spanning each wall will  house cables to ensure a clean look. As can be expected, the physical cost to install these drops are minimal, the labor is the majority of this expense. The second step of implementing the network involves configuring each piece of networking equipment. The router will be set up to ensure serviceability and reliability between employees and the server. From the router there will be a switch attached. The router will service a protocol (DHCP) which will allow workstations to access the network. The patch panel will be used as a middleman between the user and the switch. 1ft cables will be used to connect the switch and patch panel with also the use of a punch-down block. The third step of implementing the network involves configuring the server. This server will be set up to store crucial data, backup data, directory services (User Management), and file and print services. From the server you will have control and full access to each employee’s machine. Specifications: Hardware plays an important role in reliability of a network. Each workstation is to be custom ordered from Dell. Each employee will house a Dell computer with the following options: *2 GHz Pentium 4 Processor *256MB RAM *13GB Hard Drive *Netgear FA311 10/100 Network adapters *52X CD-Rom *8 MB Video Card *17†³ Monitor (Can use current monitors if budget is exceeded) *Internal Zip Drive In addition the office will house a Hewlett Packard LaserJet 4000N due to estimated heavy printing volume. The network equipment will be housed in a rack mount closet. That equipment will consist of a Dell PowerEdge 650 Server with the following components: *3.06GHZ Pentium 4 Processor 512K internal L2 Cache, *1GB ECC DDR266 Memory, *Netgear FA311 10/100 Network adapter, *16x4GB SCSI Hard Drive’s, *3.5†³ Floppy Drive, CD-ROM, and Internal Zip Drive. The hard drive’s in the server will be partitioned into a public working drive and a back up drive and will also be using RAID 5. Equipment and Labor Costs: Equipment: *Passport 2430 Enterprise Router – $349.99 *BayStack 350 Series Switch – $714.99 *PowerEdge 650 Server – $1499.99 *OPTera Metro Cabinet 5200 – $1299.99 *12-port Patch Panel – $119.99 *Cabling Costs: oUTP CAT5 Cable 650FT (~60ft per workstation) – $500 o(48) RJ-45 Connecters – $200 *(10) Custom Dell Workstations featuring Windows 2000 – $6000 *(11) 17†³ Monitors – $1100 (Save this by using current monitors) *HP 4000N LaserJet Printer – $200 *Looking at a total for equipment just shy of $12,000 Labor: *Flat hourly rate of $90/HR. *Project will take 5 business days (8hr/day limit). *Looking at a total for labor- $3600 An estimated Grand-Total- $16,000* *This figure is based on new state of the art equipment and software. Every item has been carefully examined to ensure it offers the most for the needs of Creative Accounting. Cost may be cut if the need arises, however, efficiency and technology will be sacrificed. All in all, this network has been developed with the sole purpose of satisfying the company’s needs within realistic constraints. Please feel free to contact me with any questions regarding this proposal.